Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Macular Degeneration: Exploring the Potential

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in people over 50, affects the macula, a crucial part of the eye responsible for detailed vision. Dry AMD, the more common form, has limited treatment options, prompting interest in hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

AMD damages the central vision, leading to blurriness or blind spots. HBOT involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing oxygen delivery to tissues. It may also reduce inflammation and promote healing. 

The rationale for HBOT in AMD is to counteract reduced blood flow and oxygen to the macula, potentially aiding cell repair. Early studies suggest potential benefits. A 2010 case series reported improved vision in patients with advanced AMD after HBOT. A 2021 study found HBOT with antioxidants improved contrast sensitivity in dry AMD patients compared to antioxidants alone. Observational studies also reported positive outcomes.

However, current research has limitations, including small sample sizes and a lack of large, controlled trials. More research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for AMD. 

Research on HBOT for other eye conditions, such as retinal artery occlusion, has shown promise.

In conclusion, initial research on HBOT for macular degeneration suggests potential benefits in visual function. However, more rigorous studies are necessary. HBOT is not a standard treatment for AMD, and consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

Findings from Research Studies:

• Weiss (2010): Advanced AMD patients showed improved visual acuity and/or field after daily HBOT ⁶.

• Dewi et al. (2021): HBOT with antioxidants improved contrast sensitivity in patients with dry AMD.

• The Oxford Center Pilot Studies: Improved visual acuity and retinal thickness in 75% of AMD cases treated with HBOT ⁴.

• UHMS Study (2010): Visual improvements from HBOT were maintained in advanced AMD patients ⁴.

• Beiran et al. (2001): More retinal artery occlusion patients treated with early HBOT had improved vision ³.

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References

• Weiss, J. N. (2010). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and age-related macular degeneration. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, 37(2), 101-105.

• Dewi, I. K., Moestidjab, & Harnanik, T. (2021). Hyperbaric Oxygen Effects on Contrast and Macular Light Sensitivity in Dry-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 57(1), 34-40. DOI:10.20473/fmi.v57i1.9310 .

• Beiran I, Goldenberg I, Adir Y, Tamir A, Shupak A, Miller B. Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy for retinal artery occlusion. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2001;11(4):345-350³.

• The Oxford Center. (n.d.). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) Improves Eyesight for Individuals with Macular Degeneration. Retrieved from https://theoxfordcenter.com/news/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-hbot-improves-eyesight-for-individuals-with-macular-degeneration/ .